Tokenization is the process of taking text (such as a sentence) and breaking it into individual terms (usually words). A simple Tokenizer class provides this functionality.
RegexTokenizer allows more advanced tokenization based on regular expression (regex) matching. By default, the parameter “pattern” (regex, default: "\s+") is used as delimiters to split the input text. Alternatively, users can set parameter “gaps” to false indicating the regex “pattern” denotes “tokens” rather than splitting gaps, and find all matching occurrences as the tokenization result.
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
import org.apache.spark.ml.feature.{RegexTokenizer, Tokenizer}
val sentenceDataFrame = spark.createDataFrame(Seq(
(0, "Hi I heard about Spark"),
(1, "I wish Java could use case classes"),
(2, "Logistic,regression,models,are,neat")
)).toDF("id", "sentence")
val tokenizer = new Tokenizer().setInputCol("sentence").setOutputCol("words")
val regexTokenizer = new RegexTokenizer()
.setInputCol("sentence")
.setOutputCol("words")
.setPattern("\\W") // alternatively .setPattern("\\w+").setGaps(false)
val countTokens = udf { (words: Seq[String]) => words.length }
val tokenized = tokenizer.transform(sentenceDataFrame)
tokenized.select("sentence", "words")
.withColumn("tokens", countTokens(col("words"))).show(false)
val regexTokenized = regexTokenizer.transform(sentenceDataFrame)
regexTokenized.select("sentence", "words")
.withColumn("tokens", countTokens(col("words"))).show(false)
/*
Output:
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------+
|sentence |words |tokens|
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------+
|Hi I heard about Spark |[hi, i, heard, about, spark] |5 |
|I wish Java could use case classes |[i, wish, java, could, use, case, classes]|7 |
|Logistic,regression,models,are,neat|[logistic,regression,models,are,neat] |1 |
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------+
Notice the last line separated by comma, not space
regexTokenizer separates comma delimimited words
Tokenizer separates space delimited words in this instance
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------+
|sentence |words |tokens|
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------+
|Hi I heard about Spark |[hi, i, heard, about, spark] |5 |
|I wish Java could use case classes |[i, wish, java, could, use, case, classes]|7 |
|Logistic,regression,models,are,neat|[logistic, regression, models, are, neat] |5 |
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------+
*/